L’inclusione come politica educativa e strategia di prevenzione

Maura Striano

Abstract


The United Nations, Unesco and EU acknowledge inclusion as a primary factor of cultural, economic, political and social growth and this has a significant impact on educational policies and practices. Educational processes are closely connected with processes of social development and this implies a deep reframing of educational, training and occupational policies in an inclusive perspective. Since inclusion works as a “social mandate,” it requires to be operationalized by defining a long-term action plan involving an elective strategy to contrast social exclusion and marginalization understood as obstacles to social development. This requires a definition of methods, actions, services, and opportunities aimed at reducing the risk of exclusion and warranting a full participation in all the forms of associated life. As far as it is aimed at removing all kinds of barriers and obstacles to full participation, this strategy is also preventive both in the perspective of social well-being as well as in that of education, engaging the whole context in actions aimed at pre-empting the risk of exclusion.

Riassunto: Le Nazioni Unite, l’Unesco e l’Unione Europea riconoscono l’inclusione come fattore primario per la crescita economica, politica e sociale e ciò ha un impatto significativo sulle politiche e sulle pratiche dell’educazione. I processi educativi sono strettamente connessi ai processi di sviluppo sociale e ciò implica una profonda riconfigurazione delle politiche educative, formative ed occupazionali in una prospettiva inclusiva. Nella misura in cui l’inclusione funziona come “mandato sociale” richiede di essere operazionalizzata definendo un piano di azione a lungo termine che implichi una strategia elettiva per contrastare l’esclusione sociale e l’emarginazione intesi come ostacolo allo sviluppo sociale. Ciò richiede di definire metodi, azioni, servizi, opportunità finalizzati a ridurre il rischio di esclusione e a garantire la piena partecipazione a tutte le forme di vita associata. In quanto è orientata a rimuovere tutti i tipi di barriere e di ostacoli alla piena partecipazione, questa strategia è anche preventiva sia nella prospettiva del benessere sociale sia in una prospettiva educativa, implicando l’intero contesto in azioni orientate a prevenire il rischio di esclusione.


Keywords


inclusion; social development; education; prevention

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